Root-rhizosphere-soil interactions in biopores

Abstract Background Even with extensive root growth, plants may fail to access subsoil water and nutrients when root-restricting soil layers are present. Biopores, created from decaying roots or fauna, reduce penetration resistance channel growth into the deeper soil. Further positive effects on result biopore traits, as pore walls enriched in nutrients, microbial abundance, activity relative bulk However, negative plant have also been observed due clumping biopores, less root-soil contact than surrounding leaching of nutrients. Scope We discuss methods for research, properties biopores their impact performance based a literature review own data. elucidate potential implications altered consequences pores rhizosphere microbiome. Conclusions Biopores play an important but ambiguous role soils. The depend such compaction moisture as-yet-unresolved manner. key parameters affecting yield. Knowledge gaps exist signaling pathways controlling mechanisms modifying inside biopores. degree which compensated is unclear. Answering these questions requires interdisciplinary research efforts novel imaging improve our dynamic understanding processes within at rhizosphere-biopore interface.